703 research outputs found
Photodynamic Therapy for Obstructive Esophageal Malignancies
Objectives Determine factors affecting survival rates, benefits and complications of patients with obstructive esophageal cancer treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Longitudinal study of local authority child and family social workers (wave 1) Findings from a 5 year study of local authority child and family social workers in England.
The longitudinal study investigates recruitment, retention and career progression in local authority child and family social work over 5 years. This is the first of 5 reports.
It provides workforce information for employers and policy makers.
Topics covered in this report include:
•entry routes into local authority child and family social work
•current employment and career history
•workplace wellbeing
•management, supervision and working environment
•job satisfaction
•career progression and future career plan
Superconducting Heater Cryotron-Based Reconfigurable Logic Towards Cryogenic IC Camouflaging
Superconducting electronics are among the most promising alternatives to
conventional CMOS technology thanks to the ultra-fast speed and ultra-high
energy efficiency of the superconducting devices. Having a cryogenic control
processor is also a crucial requirement for scaling the existing quantum
computers up to thousands of qubits. Despite showing outstanding speed and
energy efficiency, Josephson junction-based circuits suffer from several
challenges such as flux trapping leading to limited scalability, difficulty in
driving high impedances, and so on. Three-terminal cryotron devices have been
proposed to solve these issues which can drive high impedances (>100 k{\Omega})
and are free from any flux trapping issue. In this work, we develop a
reconfigurable logic circuit using a heater cryotron (hTron). In conventional
approaches, the number of devices to perform a logic operation typically
increases with the number of inputs. However, here, we demonstrate a single
hTron device-based logic circuit that can be reconfigured to perform 1-input
copy and NOT, 2-input AND and OR, and 3-input majority logic operations by
choosing suitable biasing conditions. Consequently, we can perform any
processing task with a much smaller number of devices. Also, since we can
perform different logic operations with the same circuit (same layout), we can
develop a camouflaged system where all the logic gates will have the same
layout. Therefore, this proposed circuit will ensure enhanced hardware security
against reverse engineering attacks.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
The hepatic transcriptome in human liver disease
The transcriptome is the mRNA transcript pool in a cell, organ or tissue with the liver transcriptome being amongst the most complex of any organ. Functional genomics methodologies are now being widely utilized to study transcriptomes including the hepatic transcriptome. This review outlines commonly used methods of transcriptome analysis, especially gene array analysis, focusing on publications utilizing these methods to understand human liver disease. Additionally, we have outlined the relationship between transcript and protein expressions as well as summarizing what is known about the variability of the transcriptome in non-diseased liver tissue. The approaches covered include gene array analysis, serial analysis of gene expression, subtractive hybridization and differential display. The discussion focuses on primate whole organ studies and in-vitro cell culture systems utilized. It is now clear that there are a vast number research opportunities for transcriptome analysis of human liver disease as we attempt to better understand both non-diseased and disease hepatic mRNA expression. We conclude that hepatic transcriptome analysis has already made significant contributions to the understanding of human liver pathobiology
Machine Learning-powered Compact Modeling of Stochastic Electronic Devices using Mixture Density Networks
The relentless pursuit of miniaturization and performance enhancement in
electronic devices has led to a fundamental challenge in the field of circuit
design and simulation: how to accurately account for the inherent stochastic
nature of certain devices. While conventional deterministic models have served
as indispensable tools for circuit designers, they fall short when it comes to
capture the subtle yet critical variability exhibited by many electronic
components. In this paper, we present an innovative approach that transcends
the limitations of traditional modeling techniques by harnessing the power of
machine learning, specifically Mixture Density Networks (MDNs), to faithfully
represent and simulate the stochastic behavior of electronic devices. We
demonstrate our approach to model heater cryotrons, where the model is able to
capture the stochastic switching dynamics observed in the experiment. Our model
shows 0.82% mean absolute error for switching probability. This paper marks a
significant step forward in the quest for accurate and versatile compact
models, poised to drive innovation in the realm of electronic circuits
PHIDL: Python CAD layout and geometry creation for nanolithography
Computer-aided design (CAD) has become a critical element in the creation of
nanopatterned structures and devices. In particular, with the increased
adoption of easy-to-learn programming languages like Python there has been a
significant rise in the amount of lithographic geometries generated through
scripting and programming. However, there are currently unaddressed gaps in
usability for open-source CAD tools -- especially those in the GDSII design
space -- that prevent wider adoption by scientists and students who might
otherwise benefit from scripted design. For example, constructing relations
between adjacent geometries is often much more difficult than necessary --
spacing a resonator structure a few micrometers from a readout structure often
requires manually-coding the placement arithmetic. While inconveniences like
this can be overcome by writing custom functions, they are often significant
barriers to entry for new users or those less familiar with programming. To
help streamline the design process and reduce barrier to entry for scripting
designs, we have developed PHIDL, an open-source GDSII-based CAD tool for
Python 2 and 3
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